1908 KAISER WILHELM  II MANUEVERS MANOVER PARADE MEDAL MILITARY TRAINING ST. AVOLD

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1908 KAISER WILHELM II

ALUMINUM MANUEVERS MEDAL

Medal - Kaiser Wilhem II Parade & Manovers

Saint-Avold Manuevers

Features

Location Germany (1871-1948) 

Emperor Wilhelm II (1888-1918)

Type Souvenir medals › Event souvenir

Year 1908

Composition Aluminium

Weight 4.43 g

Diameter 35 mm

Thickness 2.5 mm

Shape Round

Orientation Medal alignment ↑↑

Obverse

Lettering: Wilhelm II Deutscher Kaiser Koenig V. Preussen

Reverse

Lettering:

Zur Erinnerung An Die Kaiser Parade & Manovers

1908

Edge

Plain

Date: 1908

Numista Rarity index: 97

Saint-Avold is a commune in the Moselle department in Lorraine in northeastern France.

It belonged to the Duchy of Lorraine, and in 1766 as the whole of the duchy it passed into the definitive power of the Kingdom of France.

On 11 January 1814 it was occupied by Prussian troops on their way to Paris.

FYI 

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Wilhelm II or William II (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht von Preußen; Frederick William Victor Albert of Prussia; 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. He was the eldest grandson of the British Queen Victoria and related to many monarchs and princes of Europe.

Crowned in 1888, he dismissed the Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, in 1890 and launched Germany on a bellicose "New Course" in foreign affairs that culminated in his support for Austria-Hungary in the crisis of July 1914 that led in a matter of days to the First World War. Bombastic and impetuous, he sometimes made tactless pronouncements on sensitive topics without consulting his ministers, culminating in a disastrous Daily Telegraph interview that cost him most of his power in 1908. His top generals, Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, dictated policy during the First World War with little regard for the civilian government. An ineffective war leader, he lost the support of the army, abdicated in November 1918, and fled to exile in the Netherlands.

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As Kaisermanover of was during the time of the German Empire , the most important and most extensive military maneuvers referred to, which takes place annually in the presence held the emperor. Such large-scale exercises were also common in other European countries at that time, such as the Russian Empire , the Kingdom of Italy or Switzerland .

Components of an imperial maneuver were the imperial parades of the participating army corps , the naval parade, the naval maneuver and the army maneuver lasting several days. Fleet parades and maneuvers were mostly omitted if none of the participating corps had access to the sea. The participating land forces were mostly formed by two of the largest military groups, the army corps of the German Army . For contemporaries at home and abroad, these maneuvers represented a basis for assessing the combat value of the German army. In the same way, they were intended to clarify the questions about military training that are still relevant today, as they also provide information for political historiography.

Although the major exercises for tactical advanced training had a weight that should not be underestimated because of their stabilizing effect on domestic politics, the imperial maneuvers in the pre-war years were the preferred subject of public criticism due to their high-profile function.

By the time Wilhelm II came to power, a certain monotony had arisen when the V and VI, the VII and VIII Army Corps maneuvered against each other at regular intervals. The corps hardly got out of their own province like this. Nevertheless, not only the spectators, but also the participating soldiers felt the pathos that emanated from the mechanism of the armed forces.

Then the X. maneuvered against the VII. Corps, the VIII. And XI. against two Bavarian army corps (1897), or in 1903 two Prussian against two Saxon corps.

The limited tactical evolution was noted in 1900. The push tactics were weakened with the retreat of the column formations, but the dense shooting lines still dominated. Approaches to interaction between infantry and artillery were registered for the first time. However, this was not a turning point in German tactics because any hint of a shift away from mass foray past days by an attack of the Emperor at the head of 59 squadrons was nullified cavalry on September 12 1900's.

This development intensified until 1904. Although the increasing military spirit and attention to technical developments indicated the ability to learn processes, tactical thinking in practice did not get beyond the stereotypical repetition of the encirclement.

The Boer War and the Russo-Japanese War caused tendencies to clear out German regulations. However, from the point of view of the French critics, no progress was made in terms of flexibility and adaptation to the battle and the terrain until 1906.

The German army was, which foreign countries recognized in 1910 at the latest, at the end of the decade in a phase of tactical stagnation. The British military correspondent Howard Hensman dealt with the development of the French and German armies. After the imperial maneuver in 1908, he made the unchanged adherence to the teachings of Roons and Moltke responsible for the falling behind the French army . With them one had achieved the victory in the Franco-German War.

The difference between the German and French military doctrine was irreconcilable. The attempt to adopt French methods failed because of the narrow limits of theoretical development. While artillery and cavalry sought a modern form, the infantry remained arrested in traditional forms and methods.

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