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NOW FOR YOUR VIEWING PLEASURE…
The Caroleers – 'Twas The Night Before Christmas
Label: Diplomat Records – SX 1720
Format: Vinyl, LP, Album, Stereo
Country: US
Released: 1960
Genre: Pop
Style: Vocal
Tracklist
A1 'Twas The Night Before Christmas
A2 Christmas Hymn
A3 Good King Wenceslas
A4 Go Tell It On The Mountain
A5 Gather Around The Christmas Tree
A6 Now Light One Thousand Christmas Lights
A7 We Wish You A Merry Christmas
A8 March Of The Kings
B1 The Shephard's Carol
B2 I Wonder As I Wander
B3 Rise Up Shepherd And Follow
B4 Away In A Manger
B5 Christ Was Born On A Christmas Day
B6 Softly The Night Is Sleeping
B7 Cantique De Noel
B8 Let Our Gladness Know No End
SOUND TESTED
BUYER APPROVED
YOUR SATISFACTION IS GUARANTEED
RECORD - VERY GOOD, SOME SURFACE WEAR DOES NOT AFFECT
SLEEVE - GOOD+, SEEM SPLIT ON EDGE
HOLIDAY AMERICANA
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FYI
Christmas or Christmas Day is a holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus. It has many aspects, both religous and secular, including the exchange of gifts, the Santa Claus myth, decoration and display of the Christmas tree, religious ceremonies, and others. Some Eastern Orthodox Churches celebrate on December 25 by the Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 on the Gregorian calendar. These dates are merely traditional; the precise chronology of Jesus' birth and death is still debated.
The popularity of Christmas can be traced in part to its status as a winter festival. Many cultures have historically celebrated their most important holiday in winter because there is less agricultural work to do at this time. Examples of winter festivals that have influenced Christmas include the pre-Christian festivals of Yule and Saturnalia. Many of the traditions associated with the holiday have origins in these pagan winter celebrations.
However, various local and regional Christmas traditions are still practiced, despite the widespread influence of American and British Christmas motifs disseminated by film, popular literature, television, and other media.
Etymology
The word Christmas is derived from Middle English Christemasse and from Old English Cristes masse. It is a contraction meaning "Christ's mass".
The name of the holiday is sometimes shortened to Xmas because Roman letter "X" resembles the Greek letter Χ (chi), an abbreviation for Christ (Χριστ?ς).
History
Pre-Christian Origins of holiday
Christmas has its origins in the Roman celebration known as the Saturnalia. The celebrations included the making and giving of small presents (saturnalia et sigillaricia). This holiday was observed over a series of days beginning on December 17th (the birthday of Saturn), and ending on December 25th (the birthday of Sol Invictus (the "unconquered sun")). The combined festivals resulted in an extended winter holiday season. Business was postponed and even slaves feasted. There was drinking, gambling and singing naked. It was the "best of days," according to the poet Catullus.
During the time in which Christianity was spreading throughout the Roman Empire, another similar religion known as Mithraism was also spreading throughout the empire. The followers of Mithraism worshipped Mithras, a god of Persian origin, who was identified with Sol Invictus. The followers of Mithraism, consequently, adopted the birthday of Sol Invictus as the birthday of Mithras. In 274 AD, Due to the popularity of Mithraism, Emperor Aurelian designated December 25 as the festival of Sol Invictus.
After the death of Constantine, three of his sons inherited the Roman Empire. Constantius, one of these, decreed that all non-Christian temples in the empire be immediately closed. He warned that anyone who still offered sacrifices of worship to the gods and goddesses in these temples were to be put to death. Those who were non-Christian or followers of Mithras were eventually forced to convert under these laws. In spite of their conversion, they adapted many elements of their old religions into Christianity. Among these, was the celebration of the birth of Mithras on December 25th, which was now observed as the birthday of Jesus.
Christian Origins of holiday
Around 220 AD, the theologian Tertullian declared that Jesus died on March 25, 29, but was resurrected three days later. Although this is not a plausible date for the crucifixion, it does suggest that March 25, nine months before December 25th, had significance for the church even before it was used as a basis to calculate Christmas. Modern scholars favor a crucifixion date of April 3, 33, which was also the date of a partial lunar eclipse (These are Julian calendar dates. Subtract two days for a Gregorian date.).
By 240 AD, a list of significant events was being assigned to March 25, partly because it was believed to be the date of the vernal equinox. These events include creation, the fall of Adam, and, most relevantly, the Incarnation. The view that the Incarnation occurred on the same date as crucifixion is consistent with a Jewish belief that prophets died at an "integral age," either an anniversary of their birth or of their conception.
Aside from being nine months later than Annunciation, December 25 is also the date the Romans marked the winter solstice, and the festival of the birth of Sol Invictus. For this reason, some have suggested the opposite of the theory outlined above, i.e. that the date of Christmas was chosen to be the same as that of the solstice and that the date of Annunciation was calculated on this basis. (The Julian calendar was originally only one day off, with the solstice falling on December 24 in 45 BC. Due to calendar slippage, the date of the astronomical solstice has moved back so that it now falls on either December 21 or December 22.)
The idea that December 25 is Jesus' birthday was popularized by Sextus Julius Africanus in Chronographiai (221 AD), an early reference book for Christians. This identification did not at first inspire feasting or celebration. In 245 AD, the theologian Origen denounced the idea of celebrating the birthday of Jesus "as if he were a king pharaoh." Only sinners, not saints, celebrate their birthdays, Origen contended.
As Constantine ended the Christian persecution and began the persecution of non-Christians, Christians began to debate the nature of Christ. The Alexandrian school argued that he was the divine word made flesh (see John 1:14), while the Antioch school held that he was born human and infused with the Holy Spirit at the time of his baptism (see Mark 1:9-11). A feast celebrating Christ's birth gave the church an opportunity to promote the intermediate view that Christ was divine from the time of his incarnation. Mary, a minor figure for early Christians, gained prominence as the theotokos, or god-bearer. There were Christmas celebrations in Rome as early as 336 AD. December 25 was added to the calendar as a feast day in 350 AD.
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