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VINTAGE / ANTIQUE EXONUMIA
TRADE TOKEN / COIN
FROM MARTIN BRINKMANN TOBACCO COMPANY
BREMEN GERMANY
ALUMINUM COMPOSITION
30mm
FACE DEPICTS INITIALS WITH A PIPE
REVERSE IS SLOGAN LOGO IN GERMAN FRAKTUR
SEEMS TO BE A RARE / OBSCURE NOVELTY
--------------
FYI
FYI
The Martin Brinkmann AG is a traditional Bremen companies of the tobacco industry .
History to 1945
In 1813 the merchant Nicolaus Wilkens founded a tobacco shop in Bremen's old town and a tobacco factory in Burgdamm near Bremen, where cigarettes were made. Since Heinrich Johannes joined the company as a partner in 1837, the company was called Wilkens & Johannes . Another renaming took place when Martin Brinkmann bought the company in 1878 - from then on it was known as Martin Brinkmann . The company was later managed by his son Wenzel Brinkmann and after his death in 1900 it was sold to the 22-year-old Hermann Ritter .
The company flourished from 1900 and expanded rapidly when Ritter acquired additional companies in Treffurt and Heidelberg . In 1910 he gave up the location in Burgdamm and had a new factory built in Woltmershausen . At the beginning of 1929, the date in which it was legal form of a limited partnership existing under the company merger with Ansgari printing Wolfgang Ritter finally to the corporation Martin Brinkmann converted, was one of the largest of Europe's tobacco factories. Hermann Ritter's son Wolfgang Ritter had an apprenticeship in the 1920sat Brinkmann and in 1929 became a member of the company's board of directors alongside Arend Feindt.
From 1931 onwards, cigarette production became more and more important. After the National Socialists came to power , the company made its mark as early as 1934 through a company social policy such as the establishment of a spacious and attractively designed works canteen, which could be used in the synchronized press for the KdF program to attract workers to the National Socialist state. The administration moved from Bremen to Berlin in 1937 . Due to bombing raids , the administration was relocated to Tirschenreuth (Eastern Bavaria) and then to Lindau on Lake Constance in 1943 .
History after 1945
In 1949 Brinkmann was initially founded as a GmbH . By resolution of the general meeting on June 25, 1963, Brinkmann became a stock corporation again . The share capital amounted to 5 million DM, each share was issued for 1000 DM.
In 1957, part of the production was relocated to West Berlin, in 1984 other parts of the company were relocated from Woltmershausen to Berlin with state funding . The number of employees in production fell from 1,000 to just 100 thanks to automation.
In 1966 the globally active Rupert Group initially took over a minority stake and in 1972 the remaining share capital of Martin Brinkmann AG .
From 1992 Brinkmann belonged to the Rothmans International group . Currently (2008) it is part of the British American Tobacco (BAT).
Products
"Golden Mixture" pipe tobacco
Lloyd (cigarette)
Fatima (cigarette)
Alva (cigarette)
Texas (cigarette)
Brinkmann's pride (fine cut tobacco)
Lux filter (cigarette)
Peer Export (cigarette)
Lord Extra (low-nicotine cigarette), formerly "Lord" by Nestor Gianaclis
Schwarzer Krauser (fine cut tobacco)
Pipe tobacco Puertorico (coarse cut)
----------------------
Tobacco is a plant within the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. While there are more than 70 species of tobacco, the chief commercial crop is N. tabacum. The more potent species N. rustica is also widely used around the world.
Dried tobacco leaves are mainly smoked in cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco and flavored shisha tobacco. They are also consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco and dipping tobacco.
Tobacco contains the alkaloid nicotine, a stimulant. Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases, especially those affecting the heart, liver and lungs, and several cancers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally.
The English word tobacco originates from the Spanish and Portuguese word tabaco. The precise origin of the Spanish/Portuguese word is disputed but it generally thought to have originated, at least in part, from Taino, the Arawakan language of the Caribbean. In Taino, it was said to refer either to a roll of tobacco leaves (according to Bartolome de las Casas, 1552), or to the tabago, a kind of Y-shaped pipe for sniffing tobacco smoke also known as snuff (according to Oviedo; with the leaves themselves being referred to as cohiba).
However, similar words in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian were commonly used from 1410 to define medicinal herbs which is believed to be originating from the Arabic طبق tabbaq, a word reportedly dating to the 9th century, as the name of various herbs.
Traditional use: Tobacco had already long been used in the Americas, with some cultivation sites in Mexico dating back to 1400–1000 B.C. Many Native American tribes have traditionally grown and used tobacco as an entheogen. Eastern North American tribes carried large amounts of tobacco in pouches as a readily accepted trade item, and often smoked it in peace pipes, either in defined sacred ceremonies, or to seal a bargain. They smoked it at such occasions in all stages of life, even in childhood. It is believed that tobacco is a gift from the Creator, and that the exhaled tobacco smoke carries one's thoughts and prayers to the Creator.
Popularization
Following the arrival of the Europeans, tobacco became increasingly popular as a trade item. Before the development of lighter Virginia and White Burley strains of tobacco, the smoke was too harsh to be inhaled. Small quantities were smoked at a time, using a pipe like the midwakh or kiseru or smoking newly invented waterpipes such as the bong or the hookah (See Thuoc lao for a modern continuance of this practice). Inhaling smoke was already common in India and China through the consumption of cannabis and opium millennia before.
Tobacco fostered the economy for the southern United States until it was replaced by cotton. Following the American civil war, a change in demand and a change in labor force allowed inventor James Bonsack to create a machine that automated cigarette production.This increase in production allowed tremendous growth in the tobacco industry until the scientific revelations of the mid-20th century.
Contemporary
Following the scientific revelations of the mid-20th century, tobacco became condemned as a health hazard, and eventually became encompassed as a cause for cancer, as well as other respiratory and circulatory diseases. In the United States, this led to the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), which settled the lawsuit in exchange for a combination of yearly payments to the states and voluntary restrictions on advertising and marketing of tobacco products.
In the 1970s, Brown & Williamson cross-bred a strain of tobacco to produce Y1. This strain of tobacco contained an unusually high amount of nicotine, nearly doubling its content from 3.2-3.5% to 6.5%. In the 1990s, this prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use this strain as evidence that tobacco companies were intentionally manipulating the nicotine content of cigarettes.
In 2003, in response to growth of tobacco use in developing countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) successfully rallied 168 countries to sign the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The Convention is designed to push for effective legislation and its enforcement in all countries to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco. This led to the development of tobacco cessation products.
--------------------------
A smoking pipe, often called simply pipe, is a device specifically made to smoke tobacco. It comprises a chamber (the bowl) for the tobacco from which a thin hollow stem (shank) emerges, ending in a mouthpiece (the bit). Pipes can range from very simple machine-made briar models to highly prized hand-made artisanal implements made by renowned pipemakers, which are often very expensive collector's items. Pipe smoking is the oldest known traditional form of tobacco smoking.
The bowls of tobacco pipes are commonly made of briar wood, meerschaum, corncob or clay. Less common are other dense-grained woods such as cherry, olive, maple, mesquite, oak, and bog-wood. Minerals such as catlinite and soapstone have also been used. Pipe bowls are sometimes decorated by carving.
Unusual, but still noteworthy pipe materials include gourds, as in the famous calabash pipe, and pyrolytic graphite. Metal and glass are uncommon materials for tobacco pipes, but are common for pipes intended for other substances, such as cannabis.
The stem needs a long channel of constant position and diameter running through it for a proper draw, although filter pipes have varying diameters and can be successfully smoked even without filters or adapters. Because it is molded rather than carved, clay may make up the entire pipe or just the bowl, but most other materials have stems made separately and detachable. Stems and bits of tobacco pipes are usually made of moldable materials like vulcanite, lucite, Bakelite, and soft plastic. Less common are stems made of reeds, bamboo, or hollowed out pieces of wood. Expensive pipes once had stems made of amber, though this is rare now.
Tobaccos for smoking in pipes are often carefully treated and blended to achieve flavour nuances not available in other tobacco products. Many of these are blends using staple ingredients of variously cured Burley and Virginia tobaccos which are enhanced by spice tobaccos, among them many Oriental or Balkan varietals, Latakia (a fire-cured spice tobacco of Syrian origin), Perique (uniquely grown in St. James Parish, Louisiana) which is also an old method of fermentation, or blends of Virginia and Burley tobaccos of African, Indian, or South American origins. Traditionally, many U.S. blends are made of American Burley with sweeteners and flavorings added to create an "aromatic" flavor, whereas "English" blends are based on natural Virginia tobaccos enhanced with Oriental and other natural tobaccos. There is a growing tendency towards "natural" tobaccos which derive their aromas from artful blending with selected spice tobaccos only and careful, often historically-based, curing processes.
Pipes have been used since ancient times. Herodotus described Scythians inhaling the fumes of burning leaves in 500 B.C. Romans, and Greeks adopted pipes from their neighbors to the east and they were subsequently used by Germanic, Celtic and Nordic tribes.
As tobacco was not introduced to the Old World until the 16th century, the pipes outside of the Americas were usually used to smoke hashish, a rare and expensive substance outside areas of the Middle East, Central Asia and India, where it was produced.
Native Americans smoked tobacco in pipes long before the arrival of Europeans. The tobacco plant was native to South America but spread into North America before Europeans arrived. Tobacco was introduced to Europe from the Americas in the 16th century and spread around the world rapidly.
History to 1945
In 1813 the merchant Nicolaus Wilkens founded a tobacco shop in Bremen's old town and a tobacco factory in Burgdamm near Bremen, where cigarettes were made. Since Heinrich Johannes joined the company as a partner in 1837, the company was called Wilkens & Johannes . Another renaming took place when Martin Brinkmann bought the company in 1878 - from then on it was known as Martin Brinkmann . The company was later managed by his son Wenzel Brinkmann and after his death in 1900 it was sold to the 22-year-old Hermann Ritter .
The company flourished from 1900 and expanded rapidly when Ritter acquired additional companies in Treffurt and Heidelberg . In 1910 he gave up the location in Burgdamm and had a new factory built in Woltmershausen . At the beginning of 1929, the date in which it was legal form of a limited partnership existing under the company merger with Ansgari printing Wolfgang Ritter finally to the corporation Martin Brinkmann converted, was one of the largest of Europe's tobacco factories. Hermann Ritter's son Wolfgang Ritter had an apprenticeship in the 1920sat Brinkmann and in 1929 became a member of the company's board of directors alongside Arend Feindt.
From 1931 onwards, cigarette production became more and more important. After the National Socialists came to power , the company made its mark as early as 1934 through a company social policy such as the establishment of a spacious and attractively designed works canteen, which could be used in the synchronized press for the KdF program to attract workers to the National Socialist state. The administration moved from Bremen to Berlin in 1937 . Due to bombing raids , the administration was relocated to Tirschenreuth (Eastern Bavaria) and then to Lindau on Lake Constance in 1943 .
History after 1945
In 1949 Brinkmann was initially founded as a GmbH . By resolution of the general meeting on June 25, 1963, Brinkmann became a stock corporation again . The share capital amounted to 5 million DM, each share was issued for 1000 DM.
In 1957, part of the production was relocated to West Berlin, in 1984 other parts of the company were relocated from Woltmershausen to Berlin with state funding . The number of employees in production fell from 1,000 to just 100 thanks to automation.
In 1966 the globally active Rupert Group initially took over a minority stake and in 1972 the remaining share capital of Martin Brinkmann AG .
From 1992 Brinkmann belonged to the Rothmans International group . Currently (2008) it is part of the British American Tobacco (BAT).
Products
"Golden Mixture" pipe tobacco
Lloyd (cigarette)
Fatima (cigarette)
Alva (cigarette)
Texas (cigarette)
Brinkmann's pride (fine cut tobacco)
Lux filter (cigarette)
Peer Export (cigarette)
Lord Extra (low-nicotine cigarette), formerly "Lord" by Nestor Gianaclis
Schwarzer Krauser (fine cut tobacco)
Pipe tobacco Puertorico (coarse cut)
----------------------
Tobacco is a plant within the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. While there are more than 70 species of tobacco, the chief commercial crop is N. tabacum. The more potent species N. rustica is also widely used around the world.
Dried tobacco leaves are mainly smoked in cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco and flavored shisha tobacco. They are also consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco and dipping tobacco.
Tobacco contains the alkaloid nicotine, a stimulant. Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases, especially those affecting the heart, liver and lungs, and several cancers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally.
The English word tobacco originates from the Spanish and Portuguese word tabaco. The precise origin of the Spanish/Portuguese word is disputed but it generally thought to have originated, at least in part, from Taino, the Arawakan language of the Caribbean. In Taino, it was said to refer either to a roll of tobacco leaves (according to Bartolome de las Casas, 1552), or to the tabago, a kind of Y-shaped pipe for sniffing tobacco smoke also known as snuff (according to Oviedo; with the leaves themselves being referred to as cohiba).
However, similar words in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian were commonly used from 1410 to define medicinal herbs which is believed to be originating from the Arabic طبق tabbaq, a word reportedly dating to the 9th century, as the name of various herbs.
Traditional use: Tobacco had already long been used in the Americas, with some cultivation sites in Mexico dating back to 1400–1000 B.C. Many Native American tribes have traditionally grown and used tobacco as an entheogen. Eastern North American tribes carried large amounts of tobacco in pouches as a readily accepted trade item, and often smoked it in peace pipes, either in defined sacred ceremonies, or to seal a bargain. They smoked it at such occasions in all stages of life, even in childhood. It is believed that tobacco is a gift from the Creator, and that the exhaled tobacco smoke carries one's thoughts and prayers to the Creator.
Popularization
Following the arrival of the Europeans, tobacco became increasingly popular as a trade item. Before the development of lighter Virginia and White Burley strains of tobacco, the smoke was too harsh to be inhaled. Small quantities were smoked at a time, using a pipe like the midwakh or kiseru or smoking newly invented waterpipes such as the bong or the hookah (See Thuoc lao for a modern continuance of this practice). Inhaling smoke was already common in India and China through the consumption of cannabis and opium millennia before.
Tobacco fostered the economy for the southern United States until it was replaced by cotton. Following the American civil war, a change in demand and a change in labor force allowed inventor James Bonsack to create a machine that automated cigarette production.This increase in production allowed tremendous growth in the tobacco industry until the scientific revelations of the mid-20th century.
Contemporary
Following the scientific revelations of the mid-20th century, tobacco became condemned as a health hazard, and eventually became encompassed as a cause for cancer, as well as other respiratory and circulatory diseases. In the United States, this led to the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), which settled the lawsuit in exchange for a combination of yearly payments to the states and voluntary restrictions on advertising and marketing of tobacco products.
In the 1970s, Brown & Williamson cross-bred a strain of tobacco to produce Y1. This strain of tobacco contained an unusually high amount of nicotine, nearly doubling its content from 3.2-3.5% to 6.5%. In the 1990s, this prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use this strain as evidence that tobacco companies were intentionally manipulating the nicotine content of cigarettes.
In 2003, in response to growth of tobacco use in developing countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) successfully rallied 168 countries to sign the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The Convention is designed to push for effective legislation and its enforcement in all countries to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco. This led to the development of tobacco cessation products.
--------------------------
A smoking pipe, often called simply pipe, is a device specifically made to smoke tobacco. It comprises a chamber (the bowl) for the tobacco from which a thin hollow stem (shank) emerges, ending in a mouthpiece (the bit). Pipes can range from very simple machine-made briar models to highly prized hand-made artisanal implements made by renowned pipemakers, which are often very expensive collector's items. Pipe smoking is the oldest known traditional form of tobacco smoking.
The bowls of tobacco pipes are commonly made of briar wood, meerschaum, corncob or clay. Less common are other dense-grained woods such as cherry, olive, maple, mesquite, oak, and bog-wood. Minerals such as catlinite and soapstone have also been used. Pipe bowls are sometimes decorated by carving.
Unusual, but still noteworthy pipe materials include gourds, as in the famous calabash pipe, and pyrolytic graphite. Metal and glass are uncommon materials for tobacco pipes, but are common for pipes intended for other substances, such as cannabis.
The stem needs a long channel of constant position and diameter running through it for a proper draw, although filter pipes have varying diameters and can be successfully smoked even without filters or adapters. Because it is molded rather than carved, clay may make up the entire pipe or just the bowl, but most other materials have stems made separately and detachable. Stems and bits of tobacco pipes are usually made of moldable materials like vulcanite, lucite, Bakelite, and soft plastic. Less common are stems made of reeds, bamboo, or hollowed out pieces of wood. Expensive pipes once had stems made of amber, though this is rare now.
Tobaccos for smoking in pipes are often carefully treated and blended to achieve flavour nuances not available in other tobacco products. Many of these are blends using staple ingredients of variously cured Burley and Virginia tobaccos which are enhanced by spice tobaccos, among them many Oriental or Balkan varietals, Latakia (a fire-cured spice tobacco of Syrian origin), Perique (uniquely grown in St. James Parish, Louisiana) which is also an old method of fermentation, or blends of Virginia and Burley tobaccos of African, Indian, or South American origins. Traditionally, many U.S. blends are made of American Burley with sweeteners and flavorings added to create an "aromatic" flavor, whereas "English" blends are based on natural Virginia tobaccos enhanced with Oriental and other natural tobaccos. There is a growing tendency towards "natural" tobaccos which derive their aromas from artful blending with selected spice tobaccos only and careful, often historically-based, curing processes.
Pipes have been used since ancient times. Herodotus described Scythians inhaling the fumes of burning leaves in 500 B.C. Romans, and Greeks adopted pipes from their neighbors to the east and they were subsequently used by Germanic, Celtic and Nordic tribes.
As tobacco was not introduced to the Old World until the 16th century, the pipes outside of the Americas were usually used to smoke hashish, a rare and expensive substance outside areas of the Middle East, Central Asia and India, where it was produced.
Native Americans smoked tobacco in pipes long before the arrival of Europeans. The tobacco plant was native to South America but spread into North America before Europeans arrived. Tobacco was introduced to Europe from the Americas in the 16th century and spread around the world rapidly.
(THIS PICTURE FOR DISPLAY ONLY)
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